The fruit often persist into winter when they become even more visible to birds and mammals. Dispersalīurning bush is primarily spread by birds dispersing their abundant and highly visible fruit. Though young sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) can have winged twigs, its leaves are star shaped, contain five lobes, and do not possess the vibrant fall color of burning bush. obovatus) all lack the corky wings of the invasive shrub. Height of the wings is variable among individuals.įlowers and leaves. Vibrant green with raised, tan, or brown corky "wings." They may follow the stem strictly lengthwise or be whorled or twisted slightly. Despite their bright coloring, they tend to blend in with the even more showy fall foliage. The husk splits to expose four red-orange seeds. Ripening in the fall, the fruits are brilliant red with a split, purplish husk, each about ½ inch in diameter. Emerging in early spring, these flowers are not showy and can be easily missed. The greenish flowers are held in groups of three on the stems, each less than ½ inch across. In the fall, the leaves turn brilliant crimson before senescing. Description Sizeįootball shaped, oppositely arranged, finely toothed along the leaf edge or margin, and between 1 and 2 inches long. Though not as aggressive as other invasive shrubs, its ability to grow under a mature canopy and prolific fruiting make it a shrub of enough concern to be ranked a "significant threat" by the Pennsylvania DCNR. Because its attractive fall color and eye-catching fruit are unique among shrubs, homeowners can be reluctant to remove burning bush from their yards. Originally introduced from Asia in the mid-1800s, its ability to invade natural areas was first documented in the 1970s. Still have a question? Contact us at Ask Extension.Burning bush ( Euonymus alatus), or "winged euonymus," is an extremely popular landscape shrub, even after its invasive habit became known. Fish & Wildlife Service, Washington, DC.Ĭompiled by Christa Carignan, reviewed by Debra Ricigliano, University of Maryland Extension, 8/2018. Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas. Invasive Plants: Guide to Identification and the Impacts and Control of Common North American Species Kaufman, Sylvan Ramsey & Wallace Kaufman. (PDF) Control of Invasive Non-Native Plantsīurrell, C. Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas Not So Anonymous Euonymus | Maryland Invasive Species Council Virginia sweetspire (Itea virginica), dwarf fothergilla (Fothergilla gardenii), highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), fragrant sumac (Rhus aromatica). Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Conditions that favor growth It also reproduces vegetatively by root suckering. In some situations, hundreds of seedlings can be found growing underneath the parent plant. Produces a prolific amount of berries and the seeds can germinate both in sunny and shady conditions. Miller, USDA Forest Service, Reproduction Produces inconspicuous greenish flowers in pairs in late spring and bright red-purple berries in late summer. Leaves are dark green turning to bright red in autumn. Leaves are simple, elliptical, finely serrated, and arranged oppositely along the stems. It typically grows 5 to 10 feet high and occasionally can reach 20 feet. Multi-stemmed, angular branching, deciduous invasive shrub. Invasive Plants to Avoid Buying for your Yard and Garden in Maryland Growth habit Landscapers may not supply winged burning bushes unless they provide the customer with a list of Tier 2 invasive plants. This classification means retail stores that offer this plant for sale must display a required sign indicating that it is an invasive plant. The Maryland Department of Agriculture (MDA) has named this a Tier 2 invasive plant. Burning bushes have escaped cultivation and now compete with native vegetation in forests, fields, and coastal habitats where it can form dense thickets. In Maryland, it has been commonly used because of its hardiness, easy maintenance, fast-growing nature, and brilliant red fall foliage. It was introduced to the United States around 1860 for use in ornamental landscaping. It is native to Northeastern Asia, Japan, and Central China. About burning bush (Euonymus alatus) Life cycle and backgroundīurning bush, also called winged euonymus or winged burning bush, is a deciduous, woody perennial shrub.
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